Domination and Resistance of Culture Essay - 1282 Words

When people think about culture, we tend to think of art, literature. Possibly even the identity of a person through their language, common practices, rituals and traditions. According to Rivkin and Ryan (2004), culture is composed of domination and resistance (p. 1233). They also view subculture as having double connotation (p. 1259). In other words, culture and subculture has the power to rule over others or resist power and go against the flow respectively. In a capitalistic society, the ruling class has more power and resources over the working class. They generate their own ideas and values into the norm and are accepted by the working class/society. It works like a pyramid. Power is not distributed evenly to members in society. It is†¦show more content†¦So what really is culture? Culture is a style within a society that concludes all meanings of a social experience. The culture behind technology is influenced by domination and resistance. Owning the latest technology or any technology at all is useful, but we should limit ourselves to how much time we spend on it and what we use it for. Technology has advanced to new heights since its making. Imagine walking in down town with a two and a half pound device by your ear and all you can do is dial, talk and listen. That was the invention of the first personal mobile phone by Martin Cooper in 1973. The cell phone has come a long way since its introduction. It has now evolved into a pocket-sized computer, camera and apps regarding anything that a being can think of. Cars are now able to start by the press of a button. The purpose of computers was to solve serious number-crunching crisis for the government, but is now use for social media purposes and almost everything else. Electronics (technology) serves as a vehicle for communication and furthers our knowledge. People are now able to communicate via cameras on their phone in a press of a button. Technology helps to serve not only ordinary people in everyday situations, but also those who are in the armed forces in foreign countries. New and improved armory is safer than ever, and lessens the chance of fatality in warfare. Medically, it has proven its use in saving many lives. Organs are being replaced withShow MoreRelatedSnow By Orhan Pamuk : Final Paper1371 Words   |  6 PagesHande, and Teslime, resist the domination to defend their rights upon wearing the headscarves for the sake of practicing their religion, Islam. Based on what I read in Snow I feel like secularist‟s domination manifests itself into three forms: domination through policy-making, threat and derogation. Meanwhile, the Muslim women’s resistance manifests itself into two major forms: outward resistance, which is practiced through demonstration and insult, and inward resistance which is practice through suicideRead MoreThe Political Culture Of Reconstruction836 Words   |  4 PagesIn Gendered Strife and Confusion: The Political Culture of Reconstruction, Laura Edwards studied how gender, race, and class shaped not only the political terrain of the South during Reconstruction, but also its private and public foundations. Edwards viewed the Southern household during this period as a â€Å"highly contested political issue.† Following the war, changes swept southern society regarding how households were defined, who were the heads of those households, and what rights these heads andRead MoreThe Ideas, Meanings, A nd Power Dynamics1303 Words   |  6 Pagesgrandmothers had found out about them, they put them on, initially embarrassing the girls, then threatened to show men. 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Capitalism is able to do this through the construct of socialRead MoreThe Impact Of Colonization On The Indigenous People Of Rhodesia Nervous Conditions 1711 Words   |  7 Pagessignificant issue that emerges in the native community is a disruption of identity resulting from an influx of colonial European ideals. As a result of colonization, the native identity is subjected to threats of marginalization by the invasion and domination of European cultural practices and language. The detrimental impact of colonization on the indigenous people of Rhodesia in Nervous Conditions is illustrated by the dominance of the British Empires colonial European identity, which is perpetuatedRead MorePersonal Views On Anthropology And Ethnography1445 Words   |  6 Pageslittle experience with other groups or peoples until I got older and began to travel. I love travelling, and, as I have visited numerous states, Canada, Mexico, the Bahamas, and Europe, my understanding has grown immensely. My love for history and culture has only expanded and it grew easier to see things without the moral outline I had when I was younger to compare against. Post-modernism, a cultural phenomenon occurring before my birth, set in motion a series of adjustments in cultural anthropologyRead MoreAssess the Impact of the War on Civilians in Territories Occupied by Japan in South-East Asia.1180 Words   |  5 Pagesof occupied territories in South East Asia. The Japanese intended the Greater East Asian Co Prosperity Sphere (GEACPS) to be a united zone of mutual co-operation promoting economic development, social and political freedom from western imperial domination. However, the reality of the GEACPS was really a facade and a mere justification for Japanese military expansion. This had a detrimental economic, social and political effect on the civilians of South East Asia. As the war progressed economies becameRead MorePower In The Community Essay1558 Words   |  7 Pagesreadings on authority and subjectivity. This reading set is particularly interesting due to the deep unexplored space between the binary of authority and subjectivity. Sco tt R Hudson explores this idea through Built space and bad subjects, Domination and resistance at Monte Alban, Oaxaca, Mexico. A key note here is in the mention of â€Å"bad subjects† in the title, Hudson challenges the static identity frequently pinned on commoners. Hudson argues that even the less powerful played active roles in theirRead MoreConstitutionalism And Human Rights : A Troubled Continent Of Contested Conceptions Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pages But constitutionalism is not all about governance; it also provides contested sites for ideas and practices concerning justice, rights, development, and individual| associational autonomy. Constitutionalism provides narratives of both rule and resistance. 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Examining Mark Twains Work to Determine If He Was Racist...

Examining Mark Twains Work to Determine If He Was Racist This paper examines Mark Twain’s work to determine whether or not he was racist. Racism is defined by The American Heritage Dictionary as the belief that one race is superior to others. Unfortunately the issue of race isn’t black or white. There are many shades of gray in racism and even the most progressive thoughts of old seems conservative as progress enlightens new levels of thought. During his time, Twain was a forward thinking author who championed many causes, one of them being fair treatment of the downtrodden and oppressed. The only example of potential racism is his treatment of the Goshoot Indians in Roughing It. The main body of his work points to innovative†¦show more content†¦James L. Johnson dedicated Mark Twain and the Limits of Power to outlining how, like Emerson, Twain’s solipsism is a fundamental ingredient in much of [his] best work (Johnson 8). Twain’s characters had or wanted an extraordinary ability to dominate the worlds in which they find themselves (Johnson 1). Twain had little faith in a Christian God so he put more faith in the self. Johnson also thought Twain’s bitterness increased as he unearthed that the larger and more masterful the Self became, the less benevolent he was likely to be (Johnson 7). Although Twain’s life was common because it had limits he envisioned a character who might not have to make those accommodations, a hero who might break out of the prison of limitations into a brighter life (Johnson 187). Frustration with the world, hence a caustic temperament, arose as time wore on but Twain never lost sight and hoped for mastery over it and freedom (Johnson 189). In 1907 Bernard Shaw remarked to Archibald Henderson that, Mark Twain and I find ourselves in the same position. We have to make people, who would otherwise hang us, believe that we are joking (Clemens 5). This point is well illustrated by the fearless TwainShow MoreRelatedFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesFinley Dorothy Sinclair Sandra Dumas Susan McLaughlin Kevin Murphy Laura Ierardi Allison Morris Hilary Newman mb editorial services David Levy  ©Michael Eudenbach/Getty Images, Inc. This book was set in 10/12 ITC Legacy Serif Book by Aptaracorp, Inc. and printed and bound by Courier/Kendallville. The cover was printed by Courier/Kendallville. This book is printed on acid free paper. Copyright  © 2010, 2007, 2005, 2002 John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproducedRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagespart of the work under the following conditions: (1) Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests that the book Logical Reasoning or its author endorse you or your use of the work). (2) Noncommercial You may not use this work for commercial purposes (for example, by inserting passages into a book that is sold to students). (3) No Derivative Works You may not

Aging Population in Singapore free essay sample

Grey power refers to the demographic transit in power from the young to the old. This huge demographic group was called the Baby Boomers and they are now leaving their middle age and heading into a period of retirement. As this trend continues to persist, Singapore will face a major challenge in overcoming the problems posed by an aging population. An aging population is expected to have a negative impact on Singapore’s economy, community as well as the labor force. If the labor force continues to decline relative to the overall population, this will hinder economic development. Therefore, the Singapore government has introduced various schemes to enhance employability of the older citizens, improving the environment to enhance mobility and to promote Research and Development (RD) that is beneficial to these elderly. Firstly, to enhance the employability of the elderly, Singapore’s government has allotted $451 million to assist the older low-wage workers in upgrading their skills so as to stay valued in their workplace (Ministry of Finance, 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Aging Population in Singapore or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ministry of Manpower (MOM) has worked with the private sector to encourage the re-employment of the elderly as well as educating citizens on the benefits of having senior workers around in the workforce. According to Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, the retirement age of Singapore citizens will be raised from 62 to 65 by 2012 and eventually to 67. This is to account for the higher life expectancy and to ensure the elderly have enough savings for the future. MOM has pointed out ten reasons to work with older workers and that include they are more flexible in their working schedules, serve as mentors for new generation workers, they behold the invaluable experiences, stronger work ethic, more reliable, adding diversity of thought, loyalty to organization, taking work more seriously, having a well-established network in hand and lastly higher retention rates. Secondly, Singapore government has come out with various healthcare schemes and programs just to make sure the elderly remains healthy and productive in the society. The main objective of such schemes is to give focus on preventing and better managing of diseases. The ministerial committee on aging implemented the Wellness Program which aims to offer older Singaporeans with information and the opportunities to lead a healthy lifestyle and to remain socially engaged within the community (The Straits Times, 2008). Thirdly, the Barrier-free Accessibility Scheme which is projected to complete in 2014, will enhance the mobility of the elderly citizens and whoever is facing barriers with their movement. The ongoing HDB lift upgrading programme is on target to accomplish by 2014; all eligible HDB blocks will get to enjoy full lift access to every level. As for the Mass Rapid Transport (MRT) and public bus fleet, they are also achieving the barrier-free environment. The MRT stations have been retrofitted since 2006 and are barrier-free today. The public bus fleet will achieve its target of wheel-chair accessible by 2014 (The Straits Times, 2008). The budget which Singapore has set aside for this demographic group also includes expenditure in the RD implementation. According to Channelnewsasia. com, Foresight Technologies has come up with mobile phones for the elderly and they will be available on the market by August 2010. These are simple â€Å"back to basics† phones with classic candy-bar design. It does not carry impressive applications but comes with the most basic functions to call and send messages. In times of emergency, a button fixed at the back of such phones can be pressed to activate a siren. Other features include the ability to track the caller’s whereabouts if the recipients were to miss the call, keypad and display being large enough to be seen by elderly users and having a voice to read out the numbers when a call is made. In fact, many countries are experiencing problems associated with an aging population. However, Singapore is fully prepared to overcome the population challenge by enhancing employability, strengthening personal responsibilities and molding a barrier free society for every single citizen to live in. If the present population is able to prepare well and early, the newer generation of Singaporeans will get to enjoy a healthy and fulfilling lives in a long run. With these policies in place, they can realize this grey power to enable elderly to have better lives. References: The Straits Times. 2008, Jan 15) Good progress made in preparing for ageing population.

Sports and Business The Complicacies and the Benefits

Abstract Sports play an important part in people’s lives, whether they take active part in it or merely enjoy watching it on TV. Tracing the events in the life of famous sportsmen, the audience cannot help noticing certain peculiar issues. Considering them the specifics of the profession, people seldom ask themselves a question, what the reason for such differences between athletes and other people are.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sports and Business: The Complicacies and the Benefits specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As an example, the tendency for the sportsmen’s salaries to increase despite the crisis and the economic complicacies has been spotted. Causing people to demand the explanation, such issues are the result of multiple factors which require thorough research. Among other issues which many people cannot find the reasonable explanation for is the interconnection between the media covera ge and the sports. On the one hand, it is obvious that sports do not need any advertising companies; yet on the other hand there must be certain reasons for sportsmen to take part in commercials. Taking a closer look at the sports statistics, it would be possible to provide some explanations for these phenomena. Sports and Business: The Complicacies and the Benefits Sports and Money: Despite the Crisis It is a well-known fact that professional athletes are paid sufficient amounts of money; the phenomenon, probably, roots in the popularity which sportsmen get as mass media boosts their images. However, what is most surprising is the fact that the wages of sportsmen, namely athletes, did not drop, but even rose as the global crisis hit the world. Already discussed in a number of articles, the issue seems increasingly controversal as the research digs deeper into its roots. If tracing the history of the pro athletes’ salaries, it becomes absolutely obvious that the salary rates are growing with each year passing, completely independent from the outer factors, such as inflation, financial and economic crises, etc. Not to make unsubstantiated statements, it would be a good idea to drive several examples of the way the wages of professional sportsmen have been boosted.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, according to the records made by Quirk (1992), it can be considered that the tendency for increase of sportsmen’s salaries could be traced even ten years ago. Taking into account that the wages of the world famous athletes changed in the period from 1983 top 1991 (which made $1,035 000 to 3,167 000), and comparing it to the present rates of sportsmen’s salary, ($20 000 000 scored by Manchester United in 2006, according to Stewart (2007, p. 10)) it can be considered that the tendency for sportsmen wages to increase despite the economica l environment has been preserved. Such tendency can be explained by a variety of factors. One if the most plausible ideas is the growing popularity of sports in the world. Watching the sports competitions either on TV, or in the stadium, people refund the money invested in the game and thus increase the sports rates, which inevitably leads to the increase in salaries. Since people watch sports even in crisis times, the situation becomes completely clear. The Price of Being Popular: Sports and Sponsorship It goes without saying that the impact of advertising in the present times has reached its peak. With help of well-thought campaign the most disastrous project can be promoted as the most winning one. In spite of the fact that the laws of life do not work well within the sports field, the issue of advertisement plays an important part in the modern sportsmen career. Among the most widespread ways of advertising certain kind of sports the following tools are the most efficient ones: media coverage and corporate sponsorship. When combined, they work with double effect, which leads to complete sports triumph and world fame. It must be taken into account that the commercial success which the abovementioned methods provide sportsmen with is only one side of the coin. Another aspect which is no less important than popularity is money: But commercial success isn’t just about popularity. For a sport to capture its fair share or more of this market’s revenues, it must translate its popularity into cash. (Back 1)Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sports and Business: The Complicacies and the Benefits specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, advertising themselves with help of media cover and corporate sponsorship, sportsmen pursue two key goals, which are popularity and the financial success. Because of the importance and the interconnections between the two, the abovementioned methods hav e proved to be the stroke of luck for athletes. It must be admitted that the audience’s interest as an integral component of athletes’ success, fueled by a creatively composed advertisement increases times, which leads to another increase of sportsmen’s salary. Reference List Back, T. V., Blatter, P., Bughin, J. R. (2004) Playing to Win in the Business of Sports. The McKinsey Quarterly: The Online Journal of McKinsey Co. Retrieved from: https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights Quirk, J., Fort, R. (1992) Why Do Pro Athletes Make so Much Money? Pay Dirt:Â  The Businesses of Professional Team Sport. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Stewart, B. (2007) Sport Funding and Finance. Oxford: Linacre House. This essay on Sports and Business: The Complicacies and the Benefits was written and submitted by user Crystal Carson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Catcher In The Rye Essays (370 words) - Literary Realism

Catcher In The Rye The Catcher in the Rye is narrated by Holden Caulfield, a sixteen year-old boy recuperating in a rest home from a nervous breakdown, some time in 1950. Holden tells the story of his last day at a school called Pencey Prep, and of his subsequent psychological meltdown in New York City. Holden has been expelled from Pencey for academic failure, and after an unpleasant evening with his self-satisfied roommate Stradlater and their pimply next-door neighbor Ackley, he decides to leave Pencey for good and spend a few days alone in New York City before returning to his parents' Manhattan apartment. In New York, he succumbs to increasing feelings of loneliness and desperation brought on by the hypocrisy and ugliness of the adult world; he feels increasingly tormented by the memory of his younger brother Allie's death, and his life is complicated by his burgeoning sexuality. He wants to see his sister Phoebe and his old girlfriend Jane Gallagher, but instead he spends his time with Sally Hayes, a shallow socialite Holden's age, and Carl Luce, a pretentious Columbia student Holden treats as a source of sexual knowledge Increasingly lonely, Holden finally decides to sneak back to his parents' apartment to talk to Phoebe. He borrows some money from her, then goes to stay with his former English teacher, Mr. Antolini. When he believes Mr. Antolini to be making a homosexual advance toward him, Holden leaves his apartment, and spends the rest of the night on a bench in Grand Central Station. The next day Holden experiences the worst phase of his nervous breakdown. He wanders the streets, looking at children and talking to Allie. He tries to leave New York forever and hitchhike west, but when Phoebe insists on going with him he relents, agreeing to go back home to protect his sister from the ugliness of the world. He takes her to the park, and watches her ride on the merry-go-round; he suddenly feels overwhelmed by an inexplicable, intense happiness. Holden concludes his story by refusing to talk about what happened after that, but he fills in the most important details: he went home, was sent to the rest home, and will attend a new school next year. He regrets telling his story to so many people; talking about it, he says, makes him miss everyone.

THE COLD WAR IN EUROPE essays

THE COLD WAR IN EUROPE essays The end of the war in Europe revealed signs of growing mistrust between the USA and the USSR. Issues such as the Polish question, confrontation in Iran, containment, the Marshall plan, the Czechoslovakian Crisis, the Berlin Blockade, NATO, Cominform, Tito in Yugoslavia, the Korean War, Khrushchevs reforms, the Hungarian Revolution, the Berlin Wall and Cuba all accounted for the situation between the USA and USSR to turn into suspicion and confrontation. From the beginning, disagreements over wartime strategy foreshadowed post-war conflict, especially between the Soviets on the one hand and the British and Americans on the other. At the liberation of Italy in 1944, the Soviet Union was excluded from the Allied Control Council, heightening the suspicions of Stalin. At Teheran in 1943, then at Yalta and at Potsdam in 1945, the Allies worked out the broad outline for a settlement once Germany was defeated. Three issues defied resolution: the boundaries of Poland; the types of government s in Eastern Europe; and the future of Germany. The determination of each of the major powers to act unilaterally prevented the resolution of these major issues at Potsdam. The dispute over the boundaries of Poland festered throughout 1945, and fostered dissension between the Americans and the Soviets. Eastern Europe, it was agreed, fell clearly within the Soviet sphere of influence, but would be allowed to determine its own political future through free elections. Stalins promise was an empty one: free elections failed to materialize in areas dominated by the Red Army. The most contentious area of all was Germany, where the United States and the Soviet Union faced each other squarely in their respective occupation zones. No common goal for Germany existed. The British and the Americans wanted a politically unified and industrially self-sufficient country; the French and the Soviets wanted a politically weak Germany. In 1946, the West ceased the...

Advance Management accounting and performance management Essay

Advance Management accounting and performance management - Essay Example Moreover, the demand will extensively rise next year due to the Olympic Games that will be hosted in the region (Heather, 2000). Therefore, a fitness club is the best business venture that can transform the Olympic Village post the Olympic Games that commence in 2012. Besides, initiating a fitness club is a fun and financially paying business that assists people get and remain strong, healthy and fit. Owning such a business enables an individual own an artistic and resourceful business in a recession-resistant field. This business entails providing fitness services, which include individual training services, and BFIT rehab, which refers to a physical rehabilitation service. The club will also sell a range of nutritional, fitness and health products. These include the company’s own BFIT nutritionals at its stores that will be exclusive in the center (Curtis, 2003). The facilities that must be present at Rollin Fitness Center include cardio training equipments like 50Kg Barbell Dumbbell set, magnum fitness flat and auto incline treadmill; strength equipments like BNRG Proto Whey 5Lbs, power rack and smith machine and bench package. Most gyms in Europe especially in UK charge ?500 to ?700 a month but to increase competitiveness, Rollin Fitness Center should charge ?450 to ?500 a month. ... Per Unit Cost Statement It is very difficult to come up with per unit cost for a fitness club since the center offers more of service than goods (Jeff, 2004). The best way to go about it is through coming up with an hourly cost statement for any person who visits the center for fitness services. Now that monthly cost is like ?500, weekly cost will be; Monthly cost/ four (number of weeks in a month) ?500/4 Weekly cost = ?125 Daily cost = ?125/7 Daily cost = 17.86 which is approximately ?18 per person Now, to determine the hourly cost for attending the gym, the daily cost should be divided by the number of hours the center operates in a day (Curtis, 2003). Rollin Fitness Center should be opened at 8 in the morning and closed at 6 in the evening which amounts to 10 hours per day. Therefore; ?18/10 Hourly cost = ?1.8 per person This is the best way to put the charges since most people like spending few hours in the gym. Besides, since the Olympic Games are around the corner, most of the participants in the Olympic Games will only afford to spend few hours in the gym and that is the best cost for them (Kirk, 2000). Seven-year Budget Income Statement Year Number of people/day Daily income Monthly income Annual income Revenue (per year) Spent on operations Total relevant income/profit 2012 50 ?90 ?2700 ?32400 ?1000 ?5000 ?26400 2013 80 ?144 ?4320 ?51840 ?1100 ?6000 ?44740 2014 100 ?180 ?5400 ?64800 ?1200 ?7000 ?56600 2015 120 ?216 ?6480 ?77760 ?1200 ?8000 ?68560 2016 140 ?252 ?7560 ?90720 ?1300 ?8000 ?81420 2017 160 ?288 ?8640 ?103680 ?1500 ?9000 ?93180 2018 180 ?324 ?9720 ?116640 ?1500 ?9000 ?106140 N/B the amount spent on operations and revenue charged

History Discussion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

History Discussion - Research Paper Example The passage of Missouri compromise was very important in that it was the first attempt to get a solution to the matter concerning slavery. But, it is also significant to note that it did not remove the underlying problems. There still existed free and slave States and the divisions over slavery would take years and bloody outbreak of civil war to resolve the issue. The Missouri Compromise in 1820 was engineered to allow Missouri to become a slave State while Maine on the other side a Free State. In this manner, the number of Slave and Free States in America would in turn become equal leading to a balanced share of power in Congress without any State or region benefiting at the expense of the other. The most significant aspect of the Missouri compromise was that there was an agreement that no State or territory to the North of Missouri Southern Border could accept to enter the Union as State that accepted slavery (Burgan 44). This part of compromise eventually stopped slavery from spreading to the rest of Louisiana Purchase. The Northern States strongly opposed slavery while the Southern States were in favor of it. Expansion of slavery in the U.S would imply that there would be an increase in territorial population and space. This at the end would mean that the Southern States had more power or increased power in the House. In addition, the Southern States had less black population as compared to the Northern States. The U.S House had three fifth of black population while the rest was white population. Therefore, approval of Missouri as a slave Sate would imply that there would be increased Southern representation in the House thus making the Northern States insecure. In addition, the Missouri compromise of 1820 made the congress to reach a compromise over slavery issue in that it reached its first compromise on how to regulate slavery in new States and Territories. While the

Nursing Practice in Minnesota Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nursing Practice in Minnesota - Essay Example Center of discussion in this paper are Nursing Practice in Minnesota. Healthcare services are making rapid progress across all parts of the US and so are the nursing practices to keep pace with that development. It becomes necessary to have more clearly defined responsibility and accountability norms between RNs and LPNs so that a nursing practice, which is considered one of the most critical element to the healthcare services does not become an impediment for the improved outcomes. In fact, not only Minnesota but all major states in the US are in the process of refurbishing their nursing acts so that healthcare services could make great strides and fulfill the aspirations of the patient. RNs and LPNs both are in the healthcare system since long in the state. LPNs begin practicing after finishing their one year Practical Nursing Program. In contrast, a registered nurse is graduated with a more intense 4-year nursing program. Though qualifications differentiate them clearly but in act ual practice at many places their jobs has obscured demarcation line due to several reasons such as nursing shortages or economic challenges. The Minnesota Nurse Practice Act is in force to serve the nursing practices in the state. In 2010, The Institute of Medicine issued a report about the future of nursing and made several recommendations that nurses should practice during their education and training. Subsequent to this report and in view of the increasing complexities due to changes in techniques and technology in healthcare practices, Minnesota Board of Nursing decided to review the Nurse Practice Act so that the duties of registered and licensed practical nurses can clearly be defined. RN versus LPN – Role Differentiation As per proposed changes to the Minnesota Nurse Practice Act, registered nurse (RN) is defined as nursing practice that provides caring to all patients in any settings with or without compensation. The RN has extensive roles under Nursing Practice Act to perform. The definition differentiates from the licensed practical nurse (LPN) that carries out nursing practice under the supervision of an RN, physician, or advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) as authorized by the state. The scope of an RN encompasses full or extensive assessment that includes biopsychosocial aspects of the patient. The roles that an RN is supposed to undertake can be described in brief as per the following (Minnesota Board of Nursing 2011). a. RN will perform a comprehensive assessment of the health status of the patient. Comprehensive assessment by an RN means collecting extensive data for an individual to ascertain the actual health needs of the patient. This also takes into account any change in patient's health condition such as psychological, social, spiritual or biological so as to evaluate the impact of nursing care in reference to the various alternatives available. RN will also determine if other team members of health care team is to be consult ed. b. RN will develop an integrated plan of care in collaboration of health care team. c. RN may delegate the task to implement the plan of care so that it is effective and safe. d. RN will evaluate the outcomes of the interventions to decide about the effectiveness of the plan of care. e. RN is supposed to communicate and collaborate with other health care professionals to establish total health care plan in different settings. The RN is supposed to be aware about new techniques and practice them with full competency. f. RN will also have the responsibility to teach the theory and practice of nursing. g. RN will be accountable to Nurse Practice Act. They are expected of planning for managing situations that goes beyond the RN's expertise. Against this, an LPN will focus on the situation at hand. LPN's responsibility is to implement the plan of care as developed by the RN. It is not the responsibility of an LPN to develop a comprehensive plan and that purely rests with RNs. A focus ed assessment by an LPN is centered on appraising patient's current status; monitoring changes in patient condition; contributing to the nursing care plan; determining nursing interventions;

Symbolism in Plays: Comparison of Dorfman and DÏ‹rrenmatt

Symbolism in Plays: Comparison of Dorfman and DÏ‹rrenmatt The usage of allegorical references and symbolism is essential when delivering the playwrights intended messages to the audience. The author of Death and the Maiden, Ariel Dorfman, and the author of The Visit, Friedrich DÏ‹rrenmatt, both convey messages which regard human society through the use of symbols. By creating characters that represent social issues such as anti-religion, patriarchal values, and loss of ethics, both writers utilize the outcomes of characters to deliver their opinions. Furthermore, both plays emphasize social issues, elicit causes, and imply solutions to the issues addressed by utilizing allegorical references. In Death and the Maiden, Dorfman addresses the situation of his home country, Chile, while in The Visit, DÏ‹rrenmatt uses biblical allusions. Both plays, The Visit and Death and the Maiden make use of allegories to convey a message. DÏ‹rrenmatt uses symbols to construct a biblical allusion in The Visit and deliver his message; that greed holds the ability to decay moral values and that money has the power to assume personalities. The allusion is made up of Ill, the Christ figure, who must sacrifice himself for the betterment of Guellen, which is â€Å"rotting to death† (DÏ‹rrenmatt 12). The desperate nature of the town is obvious through the excitement caused by the arrival of Claire Zachanassian. Since her wealth is well-known, it immediately sheds hope upon Guellen that she will come to save the town from its poverty. Ironically, she does the exact opposite. Claire, the satanic figure, introduces temptation, which slowly diminishes the moral values the town is so much known to uphold. By offering the million dollars in return for Ills death, the power of greed is executed through the transformation of Guelle ns citizens. At first, the mayor states that he â€Å"reject[s] [Claires] offer† in â€Å"the name of humanity† and that he would rather live through poverty than have â€Å"blood on [his] hands† (39). The mayors tone is extremely certain, emphasizing to what extent his transformation really is. By the end of the play, the mayor has already fooled himself into thinking that by killing Ill it would be better for humanity. For the sacrifice of one, it would â€Å"save† the town. Temptation has led Guellen to believe that their decision to kill Ill was not derived through the money, but through the â€Å"matter of justice† (91). This moral decline portrays through the use of the biblical allusion, which DÏ‹rrenmatt creates for one specific purpose; to deliver a caveat towards greed. The paradox of greed, in this case, derives from Claire. In one aspect, she saves Guellen from poverty, hunger, and imminent destruction. Yet, she introduces greed and murder, which subsequently leads to the loss of ethics and gain of antireligious values. Indeed, she saves the town in one way, but destroys the town in another. In the play Death and the Maiden, Ariel Dorfman creates an allegory portraying the cruel government of Chile and the struggles to transition away from it into a new leadership. The characters of the play are symbols to portray these struggles to heal. Additionally, the personalities of these characters portray the necessities of people after such an event; such as justice, revenge, and acceptance. Although the old regime is out of order, the effects of the crimes against human rights are not so easily forgotten. After being brutally tortured and raped, Paulina Salas struggles in her life. She finds it easy to suppress her memories, but never finds a way to accept the past. Hence, Paulina is a symbol of revenge, which Dorfman creates to emphasize the struggle to heal. When Doctor Miranda, her alleged rapist, arrives to her house, she recognizes his voice, which â€Å"during all these years not an hour has passed that [she hasnt] heard it† (Dorfman 22), proving her inability to accept the past, and describing her personality as vengeful. Her ability to recall the Doctors voice from years in the past portrays the extent to which the memories of her past still affect her present. When the Doctor wakes up after spending the night, he sees Paulina, who is holding a gun and â€Å"[pointing] it playfully in his direction† (20). Knowing her thoughts, her intentions are made clear. She wants him to feel sorry and repent, yet claims it is not â€Å"vengeance† (34) which drives her. Through Paulina, Dorfman uses her inability to forget as an example of social issues which pertain to Chile. By portraying her as a woman who has been affected by events directly linked to a cruel government, he represents all women in Chiles reality, who have suffered through the old regime. Moreover, by making her personality vengeful, he directly implies that many women in Chile are also seeking closure through revenge. When Dorfman ends his play with mirrors dropping do wn, he implies that the plot directs towards the audience, and is suppose to catalyze self exploration amongst them. Dorfman also creates Gerardo Escobar as a lawyer who has been appointed to a commission that will examine human rights abuses during the past dictatorship. This career is ironic because of his wife; who has had her rights abused, but seeks justice not through her husband, but through revenge. Both of Escobars occupations, as a lawyer and a member of the commission, serve as support for the idea that he is a symbol of justice. Dorfman creates this dichotomy of roles to show the different way people deal with the struggle. The way Paulina does; through revenge, which is seeking justice with an evil intention, or the way Escobar does; through justice and acceptance. Escobar constantly states that these crimes were held â€Å"fifteen years ago† (36), and to â€Å"put him on trial† (34) instead of seek revenge the way Paulina does, proving that Escobar has accepted what has happened and holds no grudge. Although Paulina retorts that crimes had not been directly done towards him, indeed, they had. Escobar is directly affected because though he had not been abused, his wife had, giving him a link. Dorfman uses Escobar as a symbol to portray the way people should handle violations of human rights, with acceptance. To prove this method correct, Dorfman then uses Paulina as a symbol for revenge to show that if people cannot come to terms with the past, they will constantly seek revenge, never find peace, and consequently struggle to heal. Both authors, DÏ‹rrenmatt and Dorfman, utilize symbolism and allegories to deliver their own messages about their views on society. DÏ‹rrenmatt believes that if humanity succumbs to temptation, moral decline is unavoidable. He demonstrates the serious nature of this warning by implementing the idea into a biblical allusion. This allusion portrays that death and anti-religion follows greed. Dorfman similarly conveys a message through an allusion of his home country Chile. By portraying a womens struggle to overcome her cruel past and making her symbolize revenge, Dorfman demonstrates the flaws of such an approach. He shows that if revenge is what you seek, a person can never find closure, and that the only way one can obtain peace is through acceptance and mercy. Work Cited Dorfman, Ariel. Death and the Maiden. New York: Penguin Books, 1991. Durrenmatt, Friedrich. The Visit. Tans. Patrick Bowles. New York: Grove Press, 1956.

Know nothing gain something

Life Is a learning process for everyone. Nothing stays till the end of our breath except knowledge. From Aristotle quotes, All men by nature desire knowledge because there will always be something new to learn every day. During my childhood time, I think that I could be anything I fantasize when the teacher asked about my ambition. But now, that question becomes the topic that I feared the most and I would take some time to make up my mind and came up with a safer answer which sounded applicable. The fact was I did not have the answer.Growing up as an ordinary student, I did not make a specific goal in my life. I just a student that has fallen in love with science since in primary school when I had made my own telescope. It's Just too amazing like Albert Einstein quotes, The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the source of all art and science. Starting from there, I keep my path in science field and had a thought to be a scientist. However, I realized th at certain things would not easily come In our way and we might not get everything we want in life.After completing my secondary school tit Is]IL Planners Malaysia (CPM) qualification as student science and got an average result made me accept whatever offer came. That is me. My name is Unregulated Syllable Bin Mood Doris. I am 22 years old and recently graduated in Bachelor In Science (Hon.) In Textile Technology at university Technology MAR. I am one of student at Faculty of Applied Science. Randomly, I think my faith is still with science. My admission begun in 2011 and finished in 2014 means that the total years of my study were three years only.It's Just like a fast as lightning. I also got a Dean's list once during my degree study. As time passed, life experienced gained and achievements become a significant measurement of life accomplishment. I never feel burdened with this course and can overcome every hassle efficiently. In fact, by having this principle In me, I decided to give a taste Into my life by further my study for Master level. In my opinion, there are no extraordinary people who do the great things. It's only ordinary people who are doing ordinary things in an extraordinary way.Things we dream of will not come true without any effort and courage. From my little three years of textile exposure, I try to learn and adapt myself with new things and for sure I found It Interesting. I am a person that not easily give up and keep on creating excitement in life, even though it's turn wrong. Life must go on. I will create a new cross road to success because there is no dead road for people that have a high self motivator. Furthermore, for me performing fail is an opportunity for me to perform towards the success. Took the challenge to meet other opportunities in front of me. Therefore, I am having plan to hold a M aster In Business Administration (MBA). With some important cognition and managerial skills, especially in business. I am aware with my in sufficiency since business will be an integral part of my Job, it is essential that I fill in these gaps. Moreover, during my degree study, there was certainly subject related to business field such as marketing, retailing and merchandising.Surprisingly, I managed to obtain a great grade in those subjects. Now, I can move ahead to become a one-level-higher than the average person. Given the confluence of my personal and professional interests, I also wider my goal to attend courses related to computer in order to deepen my expertise and broaden my perspectives. Last but not least, therefore, to hold MBA scroll is one of my ambitions that could come one of the factors that could boost my motivation to keep going on achieving my goals.With this state of achievement I can broaden my abilities and improved my interpersonal skills, which are crucial to any work environment. For me, personal satisfaction plays a key role in career decision by enjoying the sense of productivity and usefuln ess I gain from the work, and I feel it is a valuable experience for my future employment soon. This is because I am a person that realize I do not know nothing but interested in acquiring new information, which help me to obtain something.

Response Paper to ‘What You Eat is Your Business’ By Radley Balko Essay

From the essay ‘What You Eat is Your Business’ by Radley Balko, he shows a strong opinion of what should be public knowledge and what should stay private. His determination on obesity not being public health makes people rethink what obesity is, the government’s part in it, and how to go about fixing it. Though Balko isn’t the only author with a strong belief on this subject, he stands out because of the way he captured the reader’s attention. He does this by challenging what people today believe is just common knowledge. Balko uses logos by giving the title for a TV special where policy makers, health specialists, and media are involved. Balko also mentions numerous senators and the president that also contributed to the cause of stopping obesity. By using logos and then stating ‘In other words, bringing government between you and your waistline’ it brings in the use of pathos. Instead of encouraging the use of many influential people on this problem, Balko does the opposite. It does work in bringing out emotions by causing people to think. When people think about this, they will either agree that government should be involved or they will lean towards Balko and think that obesity is a personal matter. Either way, the audience is likely to get upset with how the government is getting too nosey or how Balko makes them the enemy. The audience is more likely to lean towards what Balko is stating because of his bias opinion on the matter. The way he captures the audience is by bringing independence into his words: ‘For decades now, America’s health care system has been migrating toward socialism. Your well-being, shape, and condition have increasingly been deemed matters of â€Å"public health,† instead of matters of personal responsibility’. These sentences make people react because America is based off of independence; and if the audience starts to believe that their control of their own lives are slipping away, then they will fight against it. Though Balko does do a great job in getting people’s attention and making them lean closer to his side, he is bias. Balko enlarges the evils of public health, to where he doesn’t mention the positive sides of it. If he did mention how having public health has worked in at least one way, then what he states about the wrongs of it would have more logic and reason. People without a bias opinion on the matter look at both sides and weigh the pros and cons. So if he included something good about public health care then he would be more creditable for his essay. Balko’s essay is very interesting and motivating. From his writing, his best quality is capturing the audience’s attention. He captures the audience with his whole essay and keeps them reading by his opinion on the matter. To be a writer people believe that you need to have passion for what you write, and Balko certainly does. Work Cited: Balko, Radley. â€Å"What You Eat Is Your Business.† Cato Institute. N.p., 23 May 2004. Web. 18 Sept. 2013.

Databases essays

Databases essays The database consists of characters or a group of characters that form a field. A related group of fields creates a record. The records are combined to form a file. The files are grouped to form a database. Databases can contain only characters or can also include images, sound, and movies to form a multimedia database. Businesses need data so that it is available, modifiable, and controllable. Data files can be organized in a sequentially, direct, or indexed file. The data must be kept up to date and correct. To do this a data validation process must be used. The advantage of data files is that they are easy to use. The disadvantages are that when multiple data files are required for the business a lot of duplication of data and effort is involved; this is where databases comes to play. The database consolidates the different data files into one database and is managed with database management software. The database is a collection of data and relationships in the stored data. Throu gh the relationships established in the database the updating of the database normally requires single entries for one field or record. The database will then update the other databases within the whole database based on that input. This is the primary advantage of the database method of managing data. The greatest disadvantage of database software is the cost of the software and the need for a more powerful computer with larger storage, both primary and secondary, to store the data. Another disadvantage is that the database is stored altogether on one disk, if that disk is damaged or destroyed all data is lost. The final disadvantage is that systems utilizing this system can be complex to develop. Database relationships can be one-to-one, one-to-many or many-to-many. The most common type of database in use today is the relational database utilizing one of the relationships. The relational database requires the use of a primary key that uniquely identifies ...

Make a Slushy Instantly With Soda and Supercooling

Make a Slushy Instantly With Soda and Supercooling Cool off and amaze your friends by making any soft drink or soda turn into a slushy on command. Heres how to do this fun and refreshing supercooled science project. Instant Slushy Materials Soft drinkFreezer Any soda or soft drink works for this, but it works especially well with 16-ounce or 20-ounce carbonated soft drinks. Its also easiest to use a beverage in a plastic bottle. If you dont have access to a freezer, you can use a large container of ice. Sprinkle salt on the ice to make it extra cold. Cover the bottle with the ice. Make a Soda Drink Slushy This is the same principle as supercooling water, except the product is more flavorful. Heres what you do with a carbonated soda, such as a bottle of cola: Start with a room temperature soda. You could use any temperature, but its easy to get a handle on how long it takes to supercool the liquid if you know your approximate starting temperature.Shake up the bottle and place it in a freezer. Do not disturb the soda while it is chilling or else it will simply freeze.After about three to three and a half hours, carefully remove the bottle from the freezer. Each freezer is a little different, so you may need to adjust the time for your conditions.There are a couple of different ways to initiate freezing. You could open the cap to release pressure, reseal the bottle, and simply turn the soda upside down. This will cause it to freeze in the bottle. You could gently open the bottle, releasing pressure slowly, and pour the soda into a container, causing it to freeze into slush while you pour. Pour the drink over an ice cube to get it to freeze. Another option is to slowly pour the soda into a clean cup, keeping it liquified. Drop a piece of ice into the soda to initiate freezing. Here, you can watch the crystals form outward from the ice cube. Play with your food! Try other drinks to see what works best for you. Note that some alcoholic drinks dont work for this project because the alcohol lowers the freezing point too much. However, you can get this trick to work with beer and wine coolers. Using Cans You can make instant slush in cans, too, but it is a bit trickier because you cant see what is going on inside the can and the opening is smaller and harder to crack without jarring the liquid. Freeze the can and very gently crack the seal to open it. This method may take some finesse, but it works. How Supercooling Works Supercooling any liquid is chilling it below its normal freezing point without turning it into a solid. Although sodas and other soft drinks contain ingredients besides water, these impurities are dissolved in the water, so they dont provide nucleation points for crystallization. The added ingredients do lower the freezing point of water (freezing point depression), so you need a freezer that gets well below 0 degrees C or 32 degrees F. When you shake up a can of soda before freezing it, youre trying to eliminate any large bubbles that could act as sites for ice formation.

International Marketing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International Marketing Management - Essay Example Globalization and Liberalization has opened many doors to the international companies like Coke and they are currently exploiting these opportunities. The destruction of communism has made the business climate in Bulgaria more suitable for the American business tycoon Coke. Earlier the communist regime looked suspiciously at the intrusion of the products and organizations from the capitalist countries. On the other hand, Spain had no such political obstacles for the entry of Coke in their market. Spain traditionally a close ally of America and American products never faced many barriers in Spain. This report analyses the macro-environmental analysis of Coca Cola product in Bulgaria and Spain. Coca Cola is currently marketing across different countries and different cultures. One of the major characteristics of Coke’s international marketing strategy is the custom made marketing strategies for each country and region where Coke operates. Coke knows that different countries may have different social, political, economical environmental, legal, cultural and communal factors and each country needs marketing strategies suitable to their characteristics. Even though Coca Cola is marketing same products all over the world, they have realized that even for same product, different marketing techniques needed in different countries. Since 1990, Bulgaria has embraced parliamentary democracy as communism failed to fulfil the needs of the people. Spain on the other hand is a parliamentary representative democratic constitutional monarchy since 1975. In short both these countries are under democratic administration at present which is a good sign for Coke’s business hopes in these countries. Historically, communist countries were reluctant in allowing American companies to function in their soil because of suspected spy work. But the current political systems in Spain and Bulgaria offers less resistance to

The Oresund Bridge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Oresund Bridge - Essay Example In this case, people or basically the target audience of this bridge has the option of the ferry available. A rise in the prices will lower the demand for the bridge by a larger ratio as people will prefer to travel by ferry. Similarly, a fall in price will increase the demand by a larger ratio because more people would be able to afford it now. The second factor is that people like to travel from Denmark to Sweden, or vice versa, but they do not need it. Therefore people will only travel if the price is right, which is to say low. Whenever the price decreases, more people can afford it and this results in price elasticity. Q2) The Swedish government has estimated the price elasticity to be at -1.4. This has several implications for the traffic on the bridge. The Swedish government knows that first of all, an inverse relationship exists. This means that a decrease in price will definitely increase the demand and this can help the government in properly pricing it. The second implication is that any change in price will have 1.4 times the change on the demand. This means that for the government, it is beneficial to decrease the price to increase the demand. For example, if the government reduces the price by 10%, then it will result in a 14% increase in demand. Therefore, this information can be helpful in pricing the tickets for the bridge. Q3) This calculation of price elasticity of -1.4 is not beneficial in the long run because first of all, price elasticity tends to change overtime. Secondly, the government is thinking of changing the price and there is always different price elasticity for every pri ce level. Therefore if the price changes in the near future, then the price elasticity will change instantly. Lastly, advertisement campaigns play a huge role in changing the price elasticity, thus calculation is not useful in the long run. Case study 3.3: The Texas state bird Q1) PED= % Change in demand % Change in price Burbank-Oakland route PED= 120.68% =- 2.51 48% Kansas City-St. Louis route PED= 50.0% = 0.714 70.0% Q2) The above calculated price elasticity applies for the entire industry operating these routes. It does not specifically represent the price elasticity of Southwest Airlines because the values considered for the calculation are for the entire industry. This includes Southwest as well as its competitors. Q3) The Burbank-Oakland route has a high price elasticity of demand which means that the demand is price sensitive. The implication for the price setters is that these airlines should reduce the price of this route a little bit because this increases the demand by a great deal and increases the profitability. On the other hand, it must be kept in mind that the demand will decrease rapidly if the price of this route increases even by a little bit. If the price increases, then it will lower the demand by a large ratio and this will reduce the profits earned. Therefore this high price elasticity of demand can have very crucial implications for Southwest. (AmosWEB) Q4) Although the Kansas City-St. Louis route shows positive price elasticity, it may still prove to be profitable for Southwest to reduce their price. When a company reduces their prices or fares their market share increases and this often results in a long term profit. When Southwest will have a greater market share, they can change the prices according to their strategy. Also, although the price elasticity is positive, it is not at a high level and thus lowering the prices and making small short term losses is not a bad deal if it means increasing market share. Case study 5.1: Microso ft – increasing or diminishing returns? Q1) It is unlikely that a firm is experiencing increasing and diminishing return

Kidney Stones Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kidney Stones - Essay Example Men, on the other hand, tend to have complications when passing stones, making their condition known to them. Kidney stones are among many medical conditions that do not have a single, definite cause. Though multiple risk factors have been determined, it has been decided that each individual produces kidney stones for reasons that are specific to the individual body. However, it is understood that kidney stones develop as a result of an excess of calcium, oxalate, and uric acid, which is more than the fluid in the urine can dilute. This causes the urine to become too concentrated. The science behind why excess amounts of these minerals form into kidney stones continues to be researched. The risk factors behind the prevalence of kidney stones include a family history of kidney stones, being an adult, being male, obesity, dehydration, diets high in protein or sodium, and other digestive diseases. Since there are different ways for an individual to form kidney stones, different types of kidney stones have been recognized. Calcium stones form as a result of too much calcium oxalate in the body. This substance is common in many food products and is created regularly by the liver, making calcium stones the most common type of kidney stone (McAninch, 2013). Struvite stones form as the result of an infection in the urinary tract, and tend to be among the largest of kidney stones. Uric acid stones form as a result of an individual not drinking enough fluids or else lose too much fluids, causing the urine to consist primarily of minerals but very little fluid. Cystine stones are caused by a hereditary condition during which the kidneys excrete excessive amounts of the amino acid cystinuria. Regardless of the type or cause of the kidney stones, the symptoms are the same. In most cases, especially among women, a kidney stone does not prompt noticeable symptoms until the stone moves around within the kidney or passes through the ureter, which is the tube that connects the k idney to the bladder. The symptoms associated with the movement and passing of the kidney stone include severe pain below the ribs, pain in the groin and lower abdomen, pain during urination, blood in the urine, foul-smelling or cloudy urine, and frequent urination. If there is an infection that has caused a kidney stone to form, the individual may also experience fever, chills, and nausea. The symptoms of a kidney stone may intensify if the kidney stone shifts in location, such as its movement along the urinary tract. Kidney stones are treated based on what type of stone they are, their size, and where they are located within the body. If the individual has a smaller stone, they are often able to pass it without invasive treatment. In most cases, drinking large quantities of water can help to flush the urinary system, allowing the stone to pass, and over-the-counter pain relievers can decrease the intensity of pain associated with passing stones, especially for men. When needed, me dical therapy is also available in the form of an alpha blocker, which relaxes the ureter muscles (Rose & Post, 2001) and makes passing the kidney stone easier and less painful. When a stone is too large to pass or threatens to cause damage to the kidney or urinary tract, it may be broken up with a procedure known as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, which involves using sound waves to create shock waves that

Exclusionary Rule Essay Example for Free

Exclusionary Rule Essay The exclusionary rule is a legal procedure in the United States, which falls under the constitution. It protects citizens of the country in making sure that law enforcement officers are operating lawfully and that they abide by all search and seizure laws. It goes so far to protect the citizens of The United States that if a law enforcement officer illegally obtains evidence it can and most likely will be thrown out of the court. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the exclusionary rule, exploring its fallacies and importance while also including the history and evolution of the controversial exclusionary rule. The exclusionary rule is a very important legal principle in the United States and is crucial to keeping law enforcement and the judicial system in a fair balance with accordance to the United States Constitution. The exclusionary rule was never even thought about or existed until the early 20th century. Samaha (2012) states that before the exclusionary rule ever existed the only remedy for constitutional violations involving the exclusionary rule were private lawsuits. The framers of the constitution had it in their mind that judges would just handle each case as they see fitting to the nature of the situation. However this seemed not to work for quite  some time as there was a police misunderstanding of the 4th and 5th amendments figuratively speaking. It wasnt until 1914 when citizens of the United States began to receive their liberty back piece by piece. In the case of _Weeks v U.S.,_ federal officials raided his house in order to obtain evidence in a gambling case against Freemont Weeks. They had no warrant and no right to be in his house to seize any  of his possessions. So Freemont appealed and he won, in a way. The Supreme Court ruled to give back his belongings. They did not return contraband and this rule only applied to the federal law enforcement. Which is why this is the first hint of a trend towards a prominent and well known exclusionary rule. There was many Judges and government officials who still refused to side with Justice Edward White in the case of Freemont Weeks. For example, in the case of _People v. Defore_ Judge Cardozo mad his opinion very well-known and famous. According to Kamisar (2003) in the _People v. Defore_ case Judge Cardozo boasts his opinion very loudly and clearly stating that he would not adopt the exclusionary rule within New York. Kamisar (2003) then goes on to quote Judge Cardozo: excluding illegally seized evidence was not the only effective way to enforce the Fourth Amendment. Cardozo was not the last Judge or Justice to disagree with the new trend. The next case to disagree with Cardozo and many other opposing Judges would have to be _Silverthorne Lumber Co. v. U.S._ (1920). Justice Department officers and a U.S. Marshall entered the lumber companys office and illegally obtained all of the companys documents. They then went on to make photo copies and subpoenaed the Silverthornes. When they refused to follow court orders they were taken into custody for contempt of court. Samaha (2012) states that According to Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, the governments search and seizure was an outrage'. This case expanded the exclusionary rule introducing the Fruit of the Poisonous Tree Doctrine. This doctrine bans the use of evidence indirectly based on an illegal government  action. Even after multiple court cases ruled in favor of the exclusionary many state legislatures still were not in agreement with the [exclusionary] rule. Some legislatures found ways around the fourth amendment. In the case of _Coolidge v. New Hampshire_ New Hampshires legislature was challenged on their warrant issuing practices. According to Lynch (2000) New Hampshire law was very controversial in the manner of how warrants were issued. The warrant-issuing power was vested in the Justice of the Peace. Now judges must issue warrants; but in the past it was very prominent for Justices of the Peace to fulfill this duty. In New Hampshire they vested the Justice of the Peace within the executive branch of the government. In other words, according to Lynch (2000) the police officers had subverted the Fourth Amendment by issuing search warrants to themselves. The Supreme Court ruled that New Hampshires practices were unconstitutional because the executive branch was issuing warrants to themselves. This practice was very opposing to the idea of checks and balances. This court case was a very historical one in which ruled in application with the separation of powers doctrine. It also further supported the exclusionary rule. One of the biggest cases in the history of the United States and the biggest turning point for the exclusionary rule was in the case of _Mapp v. Ohio._ In this case officers forcibly entered Miss Mapps home without a search warrant or consent and provided a false warrant. Before this case not all states adopted the exclusionary rule. In the dissent by Harlan, Frankfurter, and Whittaker (1961) they stated that the _Weeks_ exclusionary rule should also be enforced against the states. Lafave (2009) also touches on the case quoting the courts statements: [A]ll evidence obtained by searches and seizures in violation of the Constitution is, by that same authority, inadmissible in a state court. Estreicher, S. and Weick, D. P. (2010) make an extremely valid  and important point; stressing that the exclusionary rule is constitutionally required because it was the only effective available way to enforce the constitutional guaranty. This case is so historically significant because of this ru ling. Finally, nearly 50 years after the _Weeks_ case, the exclusionary rule applied to all states. Even though the rule applied to all states we still did not have every aspect of the rule covered. The Knock and Announce rule was always under controversy as to if the exclusionary rule was applicable in such situations. It wasnt until _Hudson v. Michigan_ when the courts clarified the issue. The police had a warrant to enter _Hudsons_ home and when they knocked and announced their presence they waited a mere three to five seconds before entering the premise. Hudson appealed stating his fourth amendment rights were violated because the officers did not follow Knock and Announce procedures. His evidence was suppressed, but later the appeal was reversed by Michigan Court of Appeals. According to Justice Scalia the waiting period of the officers had no connection to the discovery of the illegal drugs and weapons. Because of this case the Knock and Announce Rule was clarified by stating that the rule did not have any interest in preventing the government from taking evidence described in a warrant. Tomkovicz (2008) believes that this case was intended to further the restrictions on the exclusionary rule. I have to agree with Tomkovicz in this statement. Gittins (2007) also makes a valid argument in concerning the argument. He [Gittins] states that during the night hours residents will have a longer period of time in which they will be able to open the door. However the courts have found that very short periods of time (five seconds) can be reasonable wait times. Courts are still in the process of clarifying the exclusionary rule; although _Hudson v. Michigan_ added some amount of clarity to the issue. Lastly, and the most recent court case concerning the exclusionary rule is _Herring v. U.S._ in which a recalled arrest warrant was executed  accidently. The Coffee County Sheriffs Department were executing a warrant in which the county clerk found to be accurate. Upon arrest they soon learned the warrant was recalled some five months ago. Herring moved to suppress the evidence on the motion that his warrant was rescinded. Josephson (2009) states that the courts generally exclude the exclusionary rule when there are negligent errors amongst recordkeeping. The court denied Herrings motion for suppression because of the Good Faith Clause established in _U.S. v. Leon._ This is a significant case because of how it furthered the interpretation of the exclusionary rule. Josephson (2009) explains how this case interpreted the exclusionary rules main goal which is the deterrence of unconstitutional police conduct. Therefore by the police unknowingly executing what they thought to be an accurate warrant left the evidence applicable in courts. The exclusionary rule is intended to keep law enforcement and federal officials in check with the constitution. But often there is the controversial topic of whether or not the framers of the constitution intended for such a rule. The framers never had any motion to include an exclusionary rule into the fourth amendment. However, Geller (1975) makes an excellent observation stating that the framers didnt provide any remedies for a violation of the fourth amendment. Which brings me to my next topic of the controversy. Because the framers left no remedies for violations of the fourth amendment, the courts were left to create the exclusionary rule to deter law enforcement from violating citizens rights. Many argue  that this does not effectively deter officers. Geller (1975) argues that there is no significant evidence to support such claims. Geller (1975) also comments on alternatives declaring that Until data [is] available concerning the effect of these alternatives, it is impossible to state with any degree of certainty that these alternatives are either more effective or less effective than the exclusionary rule. The last major issue I found in Gellers (1975) journal came from a group called Americans for Effective Law Enforcement (AELE). They seem to believe the exclusionary rule is no longer necessary due to the high degree of police professionalism. AELE believe police violations are unintentional and because of their high degree of professionalism they act in Good Faith. Therefore petty mistakes allow evidence to be excluded and free criminals. Until there is a significant study that entails multiple well rounded solutions to the exclusionary rule; I do not see any possible alternatives. The exclusionary rule was created almost one hundred years ago. The rule will continue to be reformed and transformed as time goes on. Although there may be a substantial argument pertaining to the issue, we need the exclusionary rule. Undoubtedly the rule has an abundance of justifications compared to its fallacies. It was stated loud and clear by the framers some two hundred years ago what rights we as American people possess. The exclusionary rule is a major backbone of the judicial system of our country, it maintains the system of checks and balances keeping the American peoples rights prevalent and intact. The exclusionary rule is in working order, being reformed every day to protect our civil liberty and keep the integrity of our constitution set out by our own framers. Bibliography Estreicher, S. and Weick, D. P. (2010) Opting for a legislative alternative to the Fourth Amendment exclusionary rule. UMKC Law Review. 78, 949. Gittins, J. (2007). Excluding the exclusionary rule. Brigham Young University Law Review, 2007, 451-481. Josephson, M. (2009). To exclude or not to exclude: The future of the exclusionary rule after Herring v. United States. Creighton Law Review, 43, 175-203. Kamisar, Y. (2003). In defense of the search and seizure exclusionary rule. Harvard Journal of Law Public Policy, 26(1), 119. Lafave, W. (2009). Recent developments: The smell of Herring: A critique of the Supreme Courts latest assault on the exclusionary rule. Journal of Criminal Law Criminology, 99(3), 757-787. Lynch, T. (2000). In defense of the exclusionary rule. Harvard Journal of Law Public Policy, 23(3), 711. Samaha, J. (2012). Criminal procedure (8th ed.). Belmont, CA: West/Wadsworth. Tomkovicz, J. (2008). Hudson v. Michigan and the Future of Fourth Amendment Exclusion Iowa Law Review, 93. Retrieved October 29, 2013, from http://www.law.uiowa.edu/documents/ilr/to Bibliography Geller W. ,Enforcing the Fourth Amendment: The Exclusionary Rule and Its Alternatives, 1975 Wash. U. L. Q. 621 (1975).

A Rose for Emily :: A Rose For Emily, William Faulkner

What a mysterious life and death of Miss Emily with a mystifying history of her father and her lover that the whole community was effected by it and had to come to visit her at death, the men came from respect and women out of curiosity to get inside of the olden times and may to discover the secrets of the house. The town that Emily leaved had its own voice that was describing her as ?tradition a duty, and a care?. Everybody in town acted differently to Miss Emily, but they all come together to one opinion that she was a woman who kept her life to herself at the all time. In her younger years her father had driven all her suitors away by simply explaining that no man is good for his daughter. Emily did not have the confidence, or maybe self-esteem and self-worth, to believe that she could stand alone and succeed at life especially in the face of changing times. She had always been ruled by, and depended on her father, Tobe and Homer Barron to protect, defend and act for herself. Life can be sad or it can be very tragic, some of it we make ourselves and some of it is being done to us. Emily had a hard life because everything that she loved have had left her. After her father?s death she could select men of her choice and liking, he couldn?t chase them off any more, but she did not know how to date, how to show gentle and womanly expressions after all those years of her father?s actions. Unfortunately, Emily became home bound. Miss Emily didn?t socialize much except for with her manservant Tobe who visited her just for some chores around the house and go to a market. Faulkner portrays Emily and her family as a high social class and she did carry her self with high self-esteem and people gave her respect, based on fear of what Emily could do to them. She did have a gentleman friend named Homer Barron. Homer was a Forman for a road construction company and Emily?s father probably would not be pleased with this affair considering her upbringing. Of course, Emily like most women dreamed of getting married and having a family and most of all, being loved.

Child and young persons development Essay

There are three main areas of child development. These are physical, communication and intellectual and social, emotional and behavioural development. The physical stage takes place naturally but children must have opportunities to develop their natural skills. Children will need support to develop their gross and fine motor skills. Gross motor skills use the large muscles in the body, arms and legs, for example crawling, walking and throwing. Fine motor skills use the smaller muscles in the fingers for example using a pencil, fastening buttons and using a knife and fork. The communication and intellectual area of development concerns a childs language skills and learning ability. The number of opportunities and experiences a child has been given from an early stage can have an affect on the intellectual development of a child. The â€Å"nature versus nurture† debate describes two different theories of a child’s intellectual development. Some psychologists believe that a childs intellectual ability is something that they are born with, nature. While other psychologists believe that a child’s intellectual development is dependent on the opportunities that they have been given, nurture. How a child feels about itself, others and the confidence they gain are all part of their social, emotional and behavioural development. During this development stage a child will learn about the kinds of behaviour that are acceptable and how to become more independent. For a child to develop to the best of their ability they will need to have a secure environment where they feel safe. Physical development From 0-3 years is a period of great physical development. In their first year a child will develop from having very little control over their body to being able to sit up, roll, crawl and hold objects. A child will start to walk, climb and play with a ball in their second year. As the ability to control their movement becomes greater they will be able to hold smaller objects, feed themselves and begin to dress themselves. In their third year a child will be able to turn pages in a book, use a cup, use crayons and pencils more effectively and walk and run more confidently. It is during this time that they will enjoy using more physical toys like tricycles and scooters. Between the ages of 3-7 a childs physical development means their movements are now more coordinated. The skills they have already developed have become more refined so they can now write, draw and use scissors. They  can also now catch a ball, pedal a bike, hop and skip. The child continues to grow and refine their skills during the ages of 7-12. It is during this stage that they often take up a hobby, for example football or dancing, and the skills that are required by that hobby are further developed. Their fine motor skills become much more controlled which now allows them to be able to sew or play an instrument. Some girls may start to show the early signs of puberty. Between the ages of 12-16 a child goes through adolescence. During this period they grow stronger, taller and their weight will increase. Most girls will have gone through puberty in this stage and boys will be starting to go through it. As all children go through puberty at different times there will be a great difference in strength and height of different children. On average by the end of this stage usually boys are taller than girls. It is during this stage in development that a young person will be more likely to m aster a skill. At the age of 16-19 a young person is now an adult. Most girls would have reached physical maturity by this stage but boys will continue to physically develop until they are in their mid 20’s. Communication and intellectual development As soon as a child is born they begin to learn the skills of communication when adults talk and sing to them. It is important that they are stimulated because they can experience difficulties with communication in later life if they are not. From the age of one a child will begin to speak, single words at first but by the age of two they may begin to form simple sentences. Their vocabulary will increase quickly, so they may have a vocabulary of around 200 words. By the age of three a child will start to use plurals and negatives in their speech. As the child becomes more social between the ages of 3-7 they begin to use familiar phrases and expressions. They will start to ask questions and use past and future tense. A childs intellectual development during this stage includes learning to read and improving their writing, drawing and number skills. During the ages of 7-12 years a childs communication and intellectual development continues to refine skills they have already developed. Most children are now fluent speakers and their reading and writing skills continue to improve. They are now able to process information more effectively and can reason with others. This stage of development allows them to use more abstract ways to develop their own  ideas. From the age of 12 to the age of 18 a young person will begin to get a clearer idea of what subjects they like and they will become more motivated in these subjects. They also begin to develop a clear preference for art or science and start to question sources of information. They may begin to try and avoid subjects they do not like or show a lack of confidence in them. It is important that during this stage of communication and intellectual development young people feels good about themselves and that they feel a sense of belonging. By the ages of 16-19 the young person is le aving school. They will be looking at their strengths and ways to continue to develop these so they can use them for their future. Social. Emotional and behavioural development The social, emotional and behavioural stage of development for a child between the ages of 0 –3 years will include the child smiling, gazing, forming strong attachments, with parents at first, and using a comforter like a dummy or a blanket. During this stage a child may become attention seeking, reluctant to share and start having temper tantrums. The tantrums are usually because of frustration and wanting to be more independent. Social, emotional and behavioural development is more prevalent from the age of three up to the age of twelve. Between the ages of 3-7 a child will begin to play with others rather than playing alongside them, parallel play. They will begin to form friendships, socialise and use imaginative play. A child will enjoy being independent and having responsibility but they will start to seek adult approval. During this stage of development it is important that a child learns about boundaries, what they are, why they are important and why they are necessary . Firm friendships are developed where the children are supportive of each other between the ages of 7- 12 years. Children will usually play in groups of children of the same sex and they will be more aware of what other people think of them. They will develop a sense of what is right and wrong and they will be uncertain of any changes in their surroundings. It is important that during this stage of development they are given activities that require them to become more independent and they continue to receive praise and encouragement. Between the ages of 12 –16 friendships become very important to a young person, they begin to spend more time with their friends and want more independence. They may experience  peer pressure, feeling pressured from their friends to do something or act in a certain way. During this stage in development a young persons self esteem can be very sensitive, this is due to the changes in their body due to puberty. They will begin to become very concerned about what other people think about them. Young people may feel under a great deal of pressure because of the increase in expectations of them as they are growing up and they may not be aware of how to behave in some situations. It is important to remember during this stage that even though they may begin to look like an adult a young person will still need guidance and advice. From the age of 16-19 the young person becomes an adult but they will still need advice as they lack experience in many areas of life. The way in which people interact and their emotional maturity will vary between different people. It is important to remember that development is a holistic process and the milestones previously described are a broad average. Every child is unique and develops at their own rate some children may hit the milestone earlier than others, some may hit them a little later than others A childs development may be split into three main areas but these areas are not independent of each other. All three areas of development are linked for example a child who is good at football has refined a physical skill which will enable him to socialise more and grow in confidence. It is also often the case that a child who is a low achiever has social, emotional or behavioural problems. A childs development can be affected by different factors including their background, health, and the environment that they grow up in. Children in schools can come from many different backgrounds and cultures. During their time at school a lot of children will experience changes in their home life this could include illness, family break up and moving house. All these can affect a childs development in different areas. I currently work with a child who is 9 years old and the second youngest in a family of four. The children were taken from the family home three years ago because their parents had alcohol problems, which were affecting the welfare of the children. This childs background has greatly affected their development in a number of ways. Their development in social and behavioural areas has been affected, as they are very confrontational and disruptive. They find  friendships quite difficult, as they tend to be controlling. They are a low achiever; their literacy and reading levels are lower than expected this may be because they have not received any support from home or had the opportunity to read to anybody. A child who suffers from a physical disability, impairment or ill health can have developmental problems. Their disability or impairment may mean that they cannot engage in certain activities which may limit what social activities they can participate in. they may have problems with their fine motor skills meaning that they would find holding a pen or pencil difficult. If a child is absent from school a lot because of illness they may find it hard to catch up on the work they have missed and they may find making firm friendships difficult. It is important that adults within a school are aware of the problems these pupils face so that they can support them in the best way possible. Children who come from a background of deprivation and poverty are more likely to have problems achieving in school. The childs parents would have difficulty managing the needs of their child, which would have an affect on their development. The child may not have access to books to help with reading and other materials that would support their studies at school. Development may be affected in a child who has been experiencing a different method of schooling, such as home schooling or a child with no previous education for instance if they have come from another country where formal education does not start until a later age. This child would need additional support until they have settled in school. If a child is in care this may affect their development. Their social, emotional and behavioural development will be affected but the school will monitor them closely and put into place any support that they feel is necessary. Every child or young person will go through a period of change, transition, while they are at school. There are school-based transitions such as changing class along with a change of teacher also changing key stage. The biggest school-based transition that a child will have to face is moving from primary school up to secondary school. During their school life they will also face personal transitions as they go through puberty. When children go through, or are coming up to a transition period they should be given lots of opportunities to talk about what is happening or going to  happen. They should be able to ask questions that will help them be as informed as possible. Being informed can help minimise any negative affects transitions may have on a childs development There are some transitions that not every child will experience. These transitions are usually unexpected and the child may not prepared for it. These transitions could include parental separation, bereavement, a parent changing their partner, moving house, new sibling, illness or injury and a change of carer. Parents should inform the school if something has happened or is going to happen that could have an affect on their child so the school can support the child where necessary. As a member of staff you have to be aware that this does not always happen, if you notice that a child begins to behave out of character then you must inform other members of staff of your concerns. If you work with a child who is experiencing parental separation this could affect the child in many ways but it is important to remember when speaking with the parents you must be sensitive. Bereavement for a child can be very traumatic. Schools usually have procedures in place that will help guide the staff i n the best ways to support the child while they go through this difficult period. A child whose parent has recently changed partner can be greatly affected by the change. How often the child sees their absent parent and how the new partner is introduced to them will affect how big the impact of this transition will be on the child. In this situation you will need to be sensitive when talking to the childs parents. Moving house can be quite exciting for some children, especially those who are not having to change schools but for children who are it can be a very daunting time. If a child has just started at school after moving into the area the child will need support until they have settled into their new school. A new sibling can have an affect on children, particularly young children. Having to vie for their parents’ attention can be difficult to cope with for some children, especially if it is for the first time. A child will need support if they or their loved one becomes ill or injured. They will need support until they become used to the change in their circumstances however long or short that may be. If a child you are working with is in care they may find it difficult to cope with if they have a change of carer. School and social services work very closely with each  other in these circumstances and would be able to support and advise any staff that work with the child. Transitions can affect children in many different ways. They may become withdrawn and quiet, attention seeking, very anxious or they could start behaving uncharacteristically. It is very important that children feel secure in other areas of their life and that they are supported during any transitions. They should be given opportunities to talk about how they are feeling and to ask any questions they may have. If the children are aware of what is going to happen and prepared it can lessen the negative affects that the transition may have. If you know that a child or a group of children are going to experience a transition, such as a change of class, teacher, school or even sitting exams, then you can plan ahead on how best to support them during this period. Transitions can be very traumatic for children so it is vital that they receive support or there social and emotional development can be affected.

4G WIRELESS TECNOLOGY

4G WIRELESS TECNOLOGY Abstract Today is the day of internet. In most field wireless system is very widely used. Currently a number of technologies like1G,2G,2. 5G,3G etc A new technology is introduced which is called as 4G technology. Fourth generation wireless system is a packet switched wireless system with wide area coverage and high throughput. It is designed to be cost effective and to provide high spectral efficiency. Data rate of 20mbps is employed.Mobile speed will be up to200km/hr. The high performance is achieved by the use of long term channel in both time termchannel in both time and frequency ,scheduling among users and smart antennas combined with adaptive modulation and power control. Frequency band is 2-8 GHz. it gives the ability for world wide roaming to access cell anywhere. It uses OFDM (ortogonal frequency divisional multiplexing) and Ultra Wide Radio Band(UWB), and Millimeter wireless and smart antenna. G uses a multi network functional device software which is very helpful for multiple user. Advantages -support for interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video, Internet, and other broadband services -IP based mobile system-High speed, high capacity, and low cost per bit. -global access, service portability, and scalable mobile services -Seamless switching and a variety of Quality of -Better spectral efficiency.Service driven services. – Better scheduling and call admission control techniques Disadvantages -Expensive and hard to implement -bettery usage is more -needs complex hardware Conclusion There is a need for next generation of wireless technology i. e. 4G which will be a platform for seamless technology providing widespread coverage ,band width and power consumption with higher data rates . .

Seesaw Candle Fire Magic Trick

Seesaw Candle Fire Magic Trick The seesaw candle magic trick is a fire science trick that teaches how combustion and Newtons Third Law of Motion work. A candle, balanced between a pair of glasses, rocks or seesaws up and down on its own. The motion continues as long as the candle continues to burn. If one side of the candle starts out heavier than the other, the motion of the candle will act to equalize the mass on either side of the pivot point. Its a simple trick, but eye-catching and interesting! Seesaw Candle Trick Materials Long candleNeedle2 glasses or jars that are the same height Long, thin candles work best for this trick. You can even use a pair of candles that are connected to each other. Procedure The first step is to expose wick at both ends of the candle so take a look at the bottom of the candle. If it has some wick pressed onto the bottom of the wax, loosen it so that you will be able to light it. On the other hand, if there isnt any wick at the bottom of the candle, use a knife to cut away enough of the candle to expose wick. You dont need a particularly sharp knife. In fact, its better to use a dull knife so that you dont accidentally cut the wick.Push the needle through the candle about halfway down its length. You dont have to be exact, but if you arent very good at gauging halfway points, then use a ruler to measure your candle, divide that number by two and push the needle through the candle at that point. If the candle wax is soft, you may be able to push the needle through the candle with minimal effort, but if the wax is hard or your candle is thick, then grasp the needle with pliers or tweezers, heat it in a flame and push it through the candle. The hot needle sh ould pass through the wax fairly easily. The trick still works if you accidentally bend the needle. Balance the needle and candle between a pair of glasses. It is okay if one end of the candle is heavier than the other.Light both ends of the candle. The candle will rock up and down, like a seesaw. You can watch a video of the project if youd like to see what to expect. How It Works The candle moves in response to forces acting on it, trying to reach equilibrium. The combustion reaction turns the candle wax into carbon dioxide gas and water vapor, making the burning end of a candle lighter. If one side of the candle burns more quickly than the other, the lighter side of the candle moves up. The lower side of the candle is angled such that the flame melts the wax, causing it to drip down. This not only lessens the mass at that end of the candle, but the force from the dripping wax actually pushes the end of the candle up! This is Newtons Third Law of Motion, which states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. More Fire and Candle Science Magic Traveling Flame Candle Magic TrickBlow Out a Candle with Chemical MagicTrick Birthday CandlesEdible Candle Trick Tips and Safety This is a fire project, so use adult supervision and avoid trying this trick near curtains, pets, gasoline... you get the picture.​Lighter candles respond more dramatically to changes in mass than heavier ones. Ergo, lighter candles will give you a better range of motion than heavier candles. If you use a very big candle, you wont see much motion at all. When in doubt, lighten up! Disclaimer: Please be advised that the content provided by our website is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Fireworks and the chemicals contained within them are dangerous and should always be handled with care and used with common sense. By using this website you acknowledge that ThoughtCo., its parent About, Inc. (a/k/a Dotdash), and IAC/InterActive Corp. shall have no liability for any damages, injuries, or other legal matters caused by your use of fireworks or the knowledge or application of the information on this website. The providers of this content specifically do not condone using fireworks for disruptive, unsafe, illegal, or destructive purposes. You are responsible for following all applicable laws before using or applying the information provided on this website.